Leon Trotsky FBI Files

0

In order to determine this exposition te should rn.ti-.biiL
ail clarity the distinction between a common cri .:j.i;.J. ana a "socic
criminal and there is nothing more appropriate for such purpose th
transcribe ENRICO FERRI's words ("Frincipios 2e Jerecao C-i.aiaal,"
into English means "Principles of Criminal Law"): "Another variet
passional or e-notive criminal is the socio-political criminal who
a crime which is essentially political (conspiracy, high treason, e
violence, seditious assembly, printing violation, etc.) cr of a e-.
nature, including common crimes (homiciae, larceny or fraud), but n
purposes of private gain or for egoistic advantages, but because o
of . noble sentiments or in the tumult of an insurgent ir.0v3r.jnt. Bu
necessary to bear in .-rind that the political crime or the aa.e of a
appearance - above all when it takes the form of a common atavisti
which is almost always homicide - my also be cocaittea by an ir:sc
(for example, RA'/AILLAC, yn.TF.ri', PASSANAItTE, etc.) and :C:.o >:■•/ 2
(for example RAVACHOL), who prior to giving a politick cc. laslx.
crime had killed an elderly hermit for the purpose of rcofci >j hi-.,
it is necessary to distinguish the truly political crime fr.m the
crime, according to the accurate observations of riO:EL5. fica th
derived the fact that the political criminal cannot ccr.stit at-- an
catagory per se, as I demons tratec in contradict

opinion of CO AJAWNI and others. One should only consider as a
criminal a species of passionate criminal displayinj the oio..,..-aa
recorded above, a previous unblemished existence and, a'aova «ii 01:
not go to such an extrere in his fanatisx as to c.':.jsit ccr an cri-
socio-political crisinr-ls were, for example, tha .• Mho .«s:*ired t
the independence of Italy. During the war- in Itajy A. . . .-. »s eanvi
charge of high treason: The political crime was the sain fat tor,
criminal had perpetrated his act far money and his previous life h
disorderly and amoral. This was, therefore, a typical cafe ->S a i.
criminal... « "It is the case in which the socio-political Ldeli's
more than the banner which covers the contraband, that is, '..i pro

refinea and dangerous dangerousness. The real socio- :-:-litii?) w:
ail the one ...ao does not commit any conu.oa crime ir. sr-ic- ;fli
or if he does commit it, he does not do so for egcistic aavar.ta ;a,
it unexpectedly on occasion of a tumult, etc."

The real socio-political criminal does ! at reach the .^ci
crimes, ENRICO FERRI has stated with good reason. "-Tie man we exa.r
a crime of the common order; he believes that he las achie.ad an e
by killing; he believes that he preservea the catag^;-;- cf 'aa j.au-r,
having committed murder; judging as a good act that r:a. in;'

-10-

0

0

his life for being a traitor to the working class, he does not fesl
for the crime; he considers TROTZKY's death as beneficial to the x-.i
class; he does not consider himself to be a murderer, political asz
morally insane, or abnormal; he admits that it is possible to com-rd'
even against private convictions and ideals and he supposes absurdly

proceeded in his criminal conductvdth acts of automatism; in effect.-
interpretation is broadly contradicted by his statements as well as
conduct, which is the most complete negation of any automatism. On
hand, acts of automatism do not present themselves in a person in a
way, independent of all other manifestations, and our study demostr'
precisely the impossibility of acts of such a nature on the part of

Up to now we have considered, without exaggerating their
the explanations which the defendant has given regarding the crUe.
proceed further along with the interpretation and r.oir wfe ?h„il ex: •
psychological point of view, the criminal act; for this purpose io
for us to first present some ideas, of FRANZ ALEXANDER and :iUG0 STAU
Criminal and His Judges From the Psychoanalytical Viewpoint) the rn
which we consider indispensable.

of the types which Freud designates as the exception, strives,, thro
fixation in a childhood situation, to be treated in life in a mar.ne
to the possibilities of reality, as an exception." In s\ch per sen*
find "an injury suffered in the most remote coi Idhvod" by tha la&l:
would feel unjustly punished. Through this BjcwisE »o-ila U f car-
go-called "guilt-complex criminals." "In" them is to be found a gU
of an unknown origin, which always burdens them ond v.hich, through
attaches itself to a determined action, thus kir.3 it noie = = ara ; .i
finding a conscious ;.nd admissable foundation." "The real causes -
feeling, are derived from an Oedipus complex, not entirely 1 ,

the real act." "The guilt-complex crime represents *.he coa.bi.!3tio:s
mechanisms described before, that is, concealment ana s6lf-.-_-.ish
the majority of cases one can in addition discover' analytically, to
this constant conformity, and even above it, a symbolic relations.',!
finer or an allusion of any kind to what one endeavors to express."
Considers as being of a neurotic nature that group of pathological
which manifest themselves with regard to the illness, net through
but through a typical deviation, which, v»ith res, act to the social
subject suffers in his conduct throughout his life. In contrast tc

c

0

-12-

c

0

Pain suffered in the most remote youth . The inf uitile trauma whi
began to revive itself from childhood when the gastrointestinal di:»<xses
(vomiting, etc.) began to appear.

Feeling of guilt .- All the many acts of self -punishment.

Feeling of guilt which is to be found in his conscious f ojr.datier.
in the crime. - He is LECH TEOTZKY's assassin.

The Oedipus complex is not overcome as a cause of the feeling of
guilt. This same complex was already established in the examined su-.ject.

Mechanism of concealment. - Even though the defendant did r.ct
conceal hinrelf during the conmission of the cr'.rs, he has in fac" 3i-
a life of concealment.: he ccnceals his naae, hit :w.Uo:i : ty, Li:- ;c..
etc. It should not be forgotten that outside of the f;ct t.-.at tha :
toward concealment was discovered throughout, one of the critic -.1 words cf
the Jung-Eleuler test is, precisely, concealment and, during the ireas of i
regattas, the concealment motive is of the highest iir^orttnce .

Mechanism of self-punlshnent. - Aside from ■.':<) r.ur.ercus rsacti - :.
of self-punishment, already known, the feeling appear? in thf- crivlc.il
of the crime, when he actually allows himself to be beaten or- lav,:-. v.h*r
imprisonment is effected.

Syr.bolic' relation. - We have stated -.hat the cyi.;:s cc: .-i.spc-rU<i
to the most serious neurotic act of the defender.t and, opportunely 'in
corroborate by way of suosation, so to speak, in a symbolic as >r.r.er, ':>.s on i
history of the neurosis and it can even be interpreted as the ixpsriscci of
the affective trauma.

De viation "f conduct , following asocial r.orira rather the.-. .:sur::i
syasptCKS. ivli'ently one does not find neurotic i;.x.-K«a (rrr.vttlsi .5 crlset
paralysis, amnesia, etc.) and, precisely to the c stag cry :* r; 'd-< . na;.;-,
which the defendant lives and feels, correspond* the deviaticn frc-. U-.a so.-i

Van of action. - We shall only add one ccw.en'.iry ihicr. '.'its i~.
a single word: exact.

Neurosis without symptoms . - It is proved by the diagnosis.

-13-

u

Impelled by a demoniacal o
expression in the explanation cor.taine~
wrote prior to committing the crime: "T
the act... "

insurrectional adventurers . - The "revolut
a false passport, the "great lord of gallant adventur

;:/s.r:f' ti:s less r.ij^: ?

case? 7.'e distinguish, on the one hand, psychological iz.dc
other har.d, sociological ones; one and the oth.ir corr«!cpc.n1
catagories of efficient cause and determining cause.

In the neurosis "without s;.t..*.c~$'' re f'r.d the t r
which, at the sace tine, is composed as follows: ..it..ii. t ; .
which predisposes the subject to no ur oils (a-Jri> >yi by ~r.-."
we find in him what we refer to as lack of conflict or di,r.
biological nature; this circu-pstance preceeds the- criirs is
neurosis. From such (.redisposition cones the nerrctic ->ri<
organic tendencies rhich are discover-:-:! tr.rcj^.. the sr. ate
characterisation, by virtue of the affective traur.a suffer:
childhoou. Once the said trauma has occurred tiiare ap.,e.-.re
state of the evolutionary character which distu; ts. tfe t.- :■•
of the life of the defendant and which, each ti: « that C r
in critical periods (c ritical from the triple oi A< ,'ic;.i,
social point of view), critical periods, we repeat, of life

synrtonis of a neurotic sort (gastrointestinal chi!<.:-.cod Cis
malnutrition, tendencies to remain in bed etc.), en occasio
in the psycho-social conduct (activities of the ri r ; gieader,
for school, tendency toward self-punishirent, accidents, etc
with greater obstacles in adult life (.ratrii wtii. f'.il.r- ,
accidents, professional failure, disorientated and agitated

-111-

c

0

Finally, there remains the serious act, represented by the erica, \x; synthesis
of the evolution of the neurotic personality. Throughout all of -.his it. : r. ' .=
life appears constantly the impulse, deviation or neurotic orier.tstion ay vi.-r.
of the principle of repetition, even of the concealment oi Lrivial acs, at all
times the symbolic expression which, because of the psychological dat^r- ur :
whiefe ;vill dwayt lead to the same subconscious tendencies. The -ar.trsl : :'. : .y.
complex, not overcome, through a thousand different forr.s_,has ini.rposcd itsslf
permanently in the life of this subject, who could well hsve beer. hen; .cole
surgeon.

Together with the efficient psychological factor, already treated,
appears the social determining factor, inseparable.'' the first. Tr.e erratic
state constantly provokes an infinite amount of daily conflicts, bi ; ; ar.i s.rs II,
which, so long as the man lives in society, taij s him through the sxtited path,
without plan, wavering, always regressive and/alSifys dselass becsi;. of v -. ; .rf
unproductive. The central conflict is to be found wh'are the indlvi- - ":. 3%....
day discovers himself to be capable for a comrrerclal activity, i. : .rc - .
superior (aptitude for professional work) and in the daily ir ::t.-.i:a=s cf iif :
which lead from failure to failure. The passage af the days is icji&eable,
with every instant the supreme moment of death cores clcaar and, t'r.aref -it .,
when the nridday of numan existence has arrived .and when, as in tfc* ;.r::.e-t
case, the nan turns his head back and discovers his useless past .= r.a r.is
painful catagory as a man who, despite his capabilities, is ar. ob. :ar".
individual without personal value, without profession and .ithaut ausrse.
the ir.cst serious psycho-social crisis ap h ears: the resent huaiar. vac ;i-
fication, the instant in which to decide hurriedly to tak-i a course a-eca..
life is short. During this definite period of the defender's he iit.

the restless atmosphere of Paris, new horizons of destructive rev<-luti-;r.*.:'.?s
offer themselves before his eyes and an opaortur.-ty to -cr>: ir. cs-crii.-.".
with those unsuspected subconscious tendencies appears and he dedicate: ! . e.\i
to the easy task of reading, simply reading the becks which in Uurae sxr.i.-
would convert him into a revolutionary with a prc;;raa in life, aa <■}.* ;v-a' ~£
spectacular actions, master of all secrets of society arid pessssser of e.
doctrine which lends itself beautifully to bung twisted ar.c to iiesirj arc. : ;s
for the worst human indignities, provided one dees not il-. .rrtaad a
social evolution is, by means of the mechanism of contradictions thrrugh b.j
work of social determinism, one of so a:any mediocre failures in li."e is ,1- - »d
at the side of one of the modern redeemers of the- op;-resrfd class ar.3 hrs
incorporated himself into a powerful mob of aalcor: teats -.too, scr.c day, ■ i "
perform the miracle of changing the social order of the world.

-15-

o

If by art of magic it were possible to return the aurdori-r to ;i
previous life, in relation to the crisis in the middle of his US a, ar.d ■-.
if ?,ere to live in some quiet part of the world, in some place i«une
to the revolutionary fermentation of Paris, nowadays he would be or.e 7.:.n
member of the legion of those obscure neuropaths .vho suffer in s:J. ...ce.

studies.

Did the murderer work by himself, in an ir.d
the contrary, can it be thought that he intervened as
organization? Fran such a question are derived nu-sr
igatior.s; one is, evidently, a police investigation ;,
to, r.or interest, us. Another one proceeds from the i
studied, in other words: our subject nay correspond,
traits, to the type who is apt to be sent to murder a
approach this problem utilizing, exclusively, the da
and which are deduced from our exploration.

We have proved his vocation for murder and,
political assassination. On the other hand, one cert
human qualities necessary for his being sent to c -rrmi
one takes into consideration the tendencies T'-.ic'-. f.re
Oedipus complex, which has not been overcome, and, in
by means of the decomposiUojj^of^the symbolism of the
insignificant and despised/' the substitute for L'r.j de
important and great person; it serves to displace the
whom is due obedience and submission, the antithesis
remains concealed, inaccessible and mysterious. It is
clear that ne present the problem of ascertaining v-he
all the traits of the type of individual who ccr s
and that for the same reason, our discussion has -.oth
it in any way serve with regards to the entirely Jiff
ing wr.o could have sent him. Let us go on and soon w
aptitudes, so to say, which cculd send him to kill. ,V

-16-

c

o

iree classes: (a)physiological (b) psychological and (c) sociciogis

a) His motor abilities, his ability of touch, his need for
movement (excitement), his aptitudes for sports end also his
gonadal igguf f icieney which mates of his a man rhss» condect
will not/very much influenced by women.

b) His perceptive, meticulous and scrupulouj^typs, his very good

c) His correct, moderate, clean and elegant bearir.
a great gentlemen, his socialbility, his entaus
ability for humor, his ability for learning for
ability as a good conversationalist and, LiKeva
side i his audacity, his revolutionary tendency
wordy and self-taught) and Ibe essence of hi~
which is hypocrisy- and the ability to deceive.

Vie consequently conclude that the studied eud*
most important characteristics of the individual 7-ho can

the one relative to the accanplices. Again we insist th
mill be examined by us from our particular pom- cf vx-2
fields which do not correspond to us, in the function cr
in the course of our exploration. In order to lacilitat
allude to the following pointsr (a) the money: :b) the
(d) CARHEW and (e) SIQUEEDS..

p.) The Jfoney. - The money which ne stands, ac
explanation of the defendant, comes from SS,^J0.0O (d
mother gave him. If we stress that this is a final expl
•ias preceeded by others which are, so to say, rather aDs
the psychological point of view the fact that r.e has arr
explanation, following others, does not lose mpcrtar.ee
fact that the defendant claims that he produced raise rti
making up stories. Such conduct corresponds to a need

hand, they reveal a need to conceal the origin o£ the no

-17-

c

o

frustrated act full of significance. No .-.alter -.-.hat
may be, regardless how shrewd he thinks he is, r /Md:e

narrow determinism. Koney, one of the first childhood i
coins which he stole from his grandfather), money, which
with the trial explanations, remains on the level of sor.e
should be concealed and, as a final explanation it is r.e
with the mother; that is, the Oedipus cor.plex. If this
correct, which undoubtedly it is not, it should from the
with complete clarity, without obstacles, in a certain a

er;embered that :
we should like.vi

PEDRO. - PEDRO is one of those names »:.ich
inopportune conditions and which the defendant i.-.'j^ io
it is an important act which took place. Within the
may very well correspond tc ths nebulous gentler.;..", cf
or, to put it in better words, it may be covered in t
examinee, "rcy friend i-EDP.O" who, according to the
been his friend and who was familiar with the c-ojsct
for the crime which je have been studyir^,- who, -^Ciu
make what appeared to be absurd proposals on tho ^ips
"gentleman" of the Fourth International who, air., ; t b
a rare aptitude in the defendant whom he judges t. ;e
mere militant member of the Trotvky Party.

CAR'S?.' . - CAfii'EN carr.e out, like FcXRO, i,-,uch

his in.pruder.ee and found no other way of ccncealin rj i
anecdote, in which, by tour de force, CAR.MN turned o
charr.picn. .Vith the saiie act it -will be necessary to
originating from other persons: (.'iss AOSLGr K declare
defendant only greeted an elegant woman once; SIL'. 7A
declared that in Mexico this person again gretteu her
Two-Three" Restaurant. We shall add still other rc .
to obtain tnrough Vrs. MARIA RICA LB, a collaborator o

c

0

".'.•C.':/L£S E. :?"P.iZ)K. - "r- -ir.:. tiDE*. - os 0
7, 1939, the defendant bought a 1937 H:itk or. ere Jit.
furnished as part payment a Ford which two or three : oi.
he had bought at the sane place and for nhich ha hed ys.
the trice of the Buick was tl, OOO.OO; at that tirr-e the
lived in the Guardiola Hotel. On one occr.sior. .rior to
the Buick, he had trouble with his Ford and he ccr.i.lair.
irritation to the Agency of Uessers. IIERNAI.TJEZ ana cla
he was a native of Canada and that he was trcveliir.^ in
of his wife. On another occasion he appeared at the sa
accompanied by a lady $0 years of aje whom he intr-.ducs
mother."

It is likewise o^fortune to r ote the ..U:..-r.dart'r cr. !uc
according to "iss .yz'..Z':j' ' s reports, in the part. ■:- which o. i

According to the examinee, he lived for some tire ir. Paris; i.s Las
us to an untold number of anecdotes, ne ras a nc/.j. aper' =:.. ia
cheerful, a man with a lot of friends, evidently. On the oi. - r h
as Kiss AOiLCi-'F appears in his story, our subject, with the j:-:co :
well-dressed lady, knows in Paris only the friends of h. for -de
The good accomplices kr.cv; how to alienate then.?' "l v.s op. rrt'.fi-Vy
visit each other secretly.

SI .-CE1H06. - The Mexican painter mr'oc his s, . o?r~ cc,
the defendant, at the moment at which the. defenci.it is tr;. r p.>~. tr-
act which has taken place and enters in his 1'eir.clr cis.pr.r.i-;-r.'s ;
address ("Edificio Errrdta," or "Ermita riuildir.^, 1 ' ir. ?ac.;t.-j-;
It is known that !/rs. ':'-) gITA rer.t t ■ rs i .dl

obtained the report to the effect that I*. ~VF::,7P.'.; vae «.vt ~> it
During our exploration the same painter's nans h.;S been or. the s
which »e study behir.u the symbolism of "my only cce.p4nic::J' " y fr
the mock dr--3m) and "the 15 neters" (in the regatt-i drs -■■). i.r*

accomplished facts, but in the dramatic life of TXCHKY, d j-ir.t; t
in- which SI"VEIROS led, a "Frenchman" moves ».io could very be
On the other hand, it is known that the Mexican painter -;.s i.i Si
Die last civil strife and it is very probable that in thct sace ,
the defendant together with that CABBES and that ilLK. . ivoil-knov.
present Spanish political refugees. •

-19-

c

Q

Behind the vulgar name of BAHTOLO PEREZ one will also fid a guilt,
accomplice who has been careful to disappear opportunely. '.V'e ret'.irn to the
reports which Mrs. MARIA RICAUD obtain in "Shirley Courts": When the defen
stayed at that place he had a very heavy trunk .v-deh was always Y.e t t in ti e
storerooms and the* a manservant, whom it is supposed is related to ths defo
activities, left the sane establishment.

In this part of our work we have gathered, certainly, con;ectu-i5
hypotheses and suppositions which were more or logo very probable . Taker, b;
themselves these data are not very valuable, in the aggregate of ear entire
investigation they appear, at least, as very useful clues.

We shall now deal with other interesting natters which have rJu-c-c
connections with the criminal act. Mrs. NATALIA SECCFF declared on Sep-e.Ti
.7, 19lO, that JACSOK appeared as a rather timid and avon to a crtsic i -
irresolute and strange person; regarding this uu.-ressicn f.io con. ..iE=d
Mrs. ROSEKARE. She supposes that the man endeavored to have t:.e auards
become accustomed to seeing him enter. and leave tr.e house; >:e enterad only
into the patio and a few minutes later would leave. He only entered LICK
TRCTZKT's" office twice. After the attempt in tha r.c*th of my, JaCSj'; ri:x
the house introduced himself to her, this being an exception; she callec
attention to the indifferent and distracted manner in wuico J ACS,;:: .beeivco
everything and this lead to comments with TROTZKY. Followir.* ths -.tault
JACSON went to the United States and gave as an ix^lihaticr: t:»t he sad to
see his Chief because things were going bad. He loft his au'x.T.r.lir.e in TT...

for the first time he took to his subsequent victim "his article," r.s ta_-:c
about 5 or 10 minutes and kept his hat on. TROTZKY indicated to her that J:
had made a strange impression on him, because :,e had sat on the t ;ble
"article" was somewhat confusing. Following the agression suffer -c cy TF..
the latter had enough time to tell Mrs. SSL OFF that he h?.-: realized t:ii.x
JACSON -would attack him.

Kr. JOSEPH LE ROY HUiSEN declared or , 2a, ^ ^ 'L_

TROTZKY"was the one who indicated the v;ay in w.iich he cou-u ea.-il be
killed. In the statements which he made with regard to the assault he said
that there was no reason for such a big apparatus and so ma-y peopis if "a
single agent of the GPU who passes for my friend can murcer me in my cro ;:c

The attempt took place on Kay 2k, 19b0, at u 6 'clock aim TRCTZ; Y
murder took place on August 20 of the same year at 17:30 o'clock. In tnat
interval LEOH TROTZKY himself wrote articles filled with fear and, to a c<= ;
extent, with misgivings. The reports which we hv/e presented have as ob :ic
to make manifest the really suicidal conduct of TRCTiKY, who, so to say, il
himself to be killed. It is inadmissible that a :,:ar, tralr.ad to ccr.« out u»
scathed from the most dangerous conditions, that an intelligent ant: tbi e*a
individual, who remained alive despite the attempt, should nave co^r_tted t

imprudence of closing himself up by himself in his office v:h
that a single person who would pass as his friend could read

LOffflROSO and FEKRI, according to KEKHT CLAUDE llct,
divide political crimes into tne following categories;

(a) Born political criminals, burcened by r.ereoity,
of degeneration, unaffected, impulsive.

(b) Truly insane political criminals whose heredity
monomanias, paranoic tendencies and epiiiptlc tiu

(c) Political assassirs /ho disti gjiht L
of their almost complete integrity of t.r.e cc-ril s*
from the insane, particularly from the paranoica,
so much, through the absence of deiirums, throusn
and through the almost complete preservation oi x.hi
They lack degenerative traits and even trie noiL-id
catagory of criminals distinguishes itseif thr.usn
ceited tendencies, the prolixity of its vrritar;- an'
almost epiliptoid, nature of the gestures.

(d) Political, criminals who, because of the cjcaFi.-n
are epidemic.

(e) Political criminals who are such by passion, vho
because of their exaggerated sensibilities ana -;:c
who are willing to sacrifice their life.

Our examine?, evidently, possesses ail zae r.r2i*s
varieties distinguished by 1CKBR0S0 and jntwRI in vv> sreue ;
he corresponds, both to the political n _ t

passion. Likewise, he can be considered as a crimirrai for pa
of *h» political criminals according to the ideas of MURICS
as. a criminal for passion according to the criteria oi ENR.l,
political criminal according to the classification of KAVfcW

According to LUIS Jli'ENEZ DE ASUA ("Criminal Psy*
1!IRA distinguishes the type which he refers to as ■•pseuaorcv

- 21-

c

It is opportune to transcribe the though.
Mr. LUIS JIl'ENEZ DE ASUA, who, upon characterizing
states: "Not infrequently subjects who believe t_.
criminals bui.!d up a political revolutionary <i<: •! i
the most extreme political formulas in order to i
their parricidal tendencies, vthich they hold in n
feeling of guilt or remorse."

Let us return to LOr'JROSO ("Les a-.iarct.ls

murderer: These political criminals use argot, a ;
from the one customary : criminals, and hsve a
in their lyrical chants; the unbalanced are diff
present negative traits, they do not hav- avy f.:ri
be found ir. large cities, they have an extrfctsly
an exaggerated practical sense and a great love •

finesse and ability and eoae of then afair.
professors, but they are characterized by norbM r
industriousr.ess for matters strange to their ; ro: '.
with regard to their in'elHgonce. Frequently *he
abundant writings or are monomaniacs . ti om a tS. '.,
transition, to thoughts that are less th-n r-j/iocr
They oppose the mediocrity of their ide-.r, t\-j i: .
excitations, interrct^tionj-, a lar&t quantity
strange expressions. A la-;e part of the reaction
for passion is due to a socic-ecor.oraicnl far.at^'r
extreme, or are the antithesis, of the born c:;:: ; '
"uncriidnal," they arc young, honest tntl cxan:i: .

-22-

c

0

TRANSLATION OF THE <:iRl

(Three photographs)

Photograph taken from 191-0 :,

the passport with which JA.','ES
he entered Mexico

1

Delta

10

20

Bifurcati

2

'Cortada" (cut ?)

11

Bifurcation

21

3

Island

12

Loop

22

" Cl

h

"Fragment"

11

Branch

S

15

"Cortada"

,! C:._ ,

6

"Cortada"

It

"Cortada"

7

"Cortada"

17

Bifurcation

■1-

6

"Isolated"

18

27

9

"Cortada"

19

Island

23

CRIMINALISTICA

PUBLICACION MENSUAL

Acogido a la franquicia postal e Inscripto co.-r.o cent* ' ncfe
c 3 en la inist i un de Correos de La Habana.

CONSEJO DE BEDACCION

Dr. Jose A. Diaz Padron ' ■ ■

Di Jorge A de Castroveide Cibiei j li 1 '

Prof. Rafael Lubian Arias, 3I.M. VU-.Unk; redor

Oficinas: San Lazaro 164 (altos) — ;-a Habana, Cuba.
COLABORADORES ¥ CORRESPONSALKS EXTRAXiEROS

ARGENTINA

i 1 i eo Vi cehch,
Unh ersidad de La Plata.

BKASIL
Prof. Ricardo Gumbleton Daunt.
Director del Dpto. de Investiga-

Prof. Armando Samico.
Recife. Pernambuco.

ESP ASA
Prof. F. Santamaria.
Laboratorio de Policia, Madrid.
Prof. Antonio G.- Valcarcel.
Laboratorio de Policia. Madrid.

EST ADOS BNIDOS
Dr. Ph. R. Rezek.
Miami, Florida.

: : anti t

ITALIA

D rof. G. Dosi.

Del Buro Central de la C.I.P.
Qurstura. Roma.

MEXICO
Pr. Alfonso Quiroz Cuuron.
Depto. de Investr.;? tone '-'
Banco de Mexico, D. F.

il

El verdadcro delincuente politico-social no lie;
do delitos comunes, ha dicho cofl toda ra/<m lir.rh
examinado ha eometido un delito del orden comC
ha logrado un fin elevado matando; 61 eree consei
de hombro moral dospuft Ur haber asesinado: juz
de hahor privado de la vida a Leon Troizky por
rlase obrera; el no siente arrepcntimicnlo por
Vnffirn pai'a la clasp nbn>m !a mucrt- d

« pucricn c-umetsr

eoisideri

ni . aa.i, anormal, admite qt

.-..'I'm dp las parlicu lares convici'ion.-; r idnaWs J

' , i i | i t 1 x>met.»r i>1 riroc-n ftrrfdrta 1 isiaua la
sosteniblc idea de haber procedido en su conducts criminal
actos de automatismo; en ff I ' nisr interpret sWn qui
ampliamente desmentida, lo mismo por sus declaraciones que ;
su conducta, que viene a ser la mas aoabada nc^aalon do '<
automatisrno. Por olra parte, los actos Ur aiitornadcnic no se |
soman en una persona de mancra aWm!:., bide; '-ndiente do ;
olra mamfestaeidn y nwslro estudio vicne a ■! aioscar, preo
mcntc, la impesibibdad dc aclos dc tal natutale/a > n la pert,.

i

tj;

, mi n > adeiante la mterpretacidn y nhori
el punto do vista psieoldgieo, el aeto delicti
oportuno que previair""*"

3ue Freud denorr

-En ellos existe un s.

c clloj y quo mod:?:

;1 autoeastigo". "En

a**

1

is desdc un panto de v:

injustiria". "El crii

enreda en las leyes penales". "Con
cibe apenas en la forma de concertar i

REVISTA DE CRIMINALIS TICA— 17

irracional de su vida profesional, caracterizada por altibajos que,
aparentemente, ocurren de un modo fortuito".

"Hemos de advertir que nuestra civilization nos Ueva a la neu-
rosis, porque tiende a la degeneration de nuestra vida instintiva".

Principiamos por aceptar, desde luego, la categoria de criminal
neurotico para nuestro examinado. Aun cuando parezca redun-
dante, su atributo de criminal es indiscutible y a todas luces evi-
dente y a su catalogacion dentro de los neuioticos es iiiduii.t! o,
como lo prueba la respectiva parte de nuestro trabajo. Cottjora-
mos ahora los caracteres escnciales, ya relatados, con nuesti'a.,
observaciones en el caso particular.

Persona exceptional. — Durante el interrogatorio, encontrarr.of
todos los elementos neeesarios: lograr un fin elovad > u:tl;u-ti->.
conservar la categoria do hombrc moral despues ,1.- hi.'irr a; : i-
nado, no sentir arrepentimiento por el crimen, no cnnsidci-ars. i.
como asesino, ni como magnicida, ni como loco moral, .vlaiitir r.:> ■

vicciones e ideales. Otros datos pueden enio.iti.u ^, \ 1 ui > 1-

i exploration de las funciont i i

sonas extraordinarias, el posec hauilidades exrcpcionales, i<:«..

Dolor sufrido en la nifiez mis remota. — El trauma mfautil que
empieza a revivirse desde la infancia cuando aparecen las er.fer-
medades gastrointestinales (vomitos, etc.l.

Scntimicnto <le culpabilidad— Todos los numorosos acta do
autocastigo.

Scntimicnto de culpabilidad que encut ntia su lur-l: west .-ion

Complejo de Edipo no superado como causa del sentimicnto <l"
culpabilidad. — Ya fue establecido el mismo complejo on ej oxa-
minado.

Mecanismo del escondimiento. — Aun cuando el procesado apa-
rece durante el delito sin esconderse, de hecho ha venalo viviendo
una vida de ocultacion: oculta su nombre, su nacionalidad, sus
ocupaciones, etc. No debe olvidarse que aparte de que constante-
mente fue descubierta la tendeneia a ocultar, una de las palebras
criticas de la prueba de Jung-Bleuler cs, precisamente. ocultai y,
durante el suefio de las regatas, el motivo de la ocultacion es do
la mas alta importancia.

Mecanismo del autocastigo.— Independientemente de las nume-
rosas reacciones de autocastigo, ya conocidas, el mismo sentido

1»-REVISTA DE CRIMINAL1STICA

sirve para desplazar la imagen del padre a quien se debe obedien-
cia y sumision, antitesis del antenor. por lo comCm oculto inac-
cesible y misterioso. Es muy importante hacer notar con toda
elandad que planteamos el problema de saber si el procesado
reune los caracteres del que puede ser mandado a delinquir y que.
por lo mismo, nuestra discusion nada tiene que ver y para nada
sirve con respecto al problema diferente de saber quien pudo ha-
berlo mandado. Sigamos adelante y pronto descubriremos nuava=
aptitudes, por decirlo asi. para ser enviado a matar Distinouire-

: cuya conducta no quedara muy influida por las r.iu-
tipo perceptivo. mmucioso y dctallista. su buena m.ir. o-
0 con erotismo cerebral, su impulsivismo. su sugestibi-

tudes de gran senor. su^sociabihdad. su ancion por los de-
pones, su habilidad para el humorismo. su habilidad Dara

sador y, tambien. del lado negatrvo: su audacia. su revolu-
cionarismo (aun cuando sea palabnsta y autodiaacta) v la
nsencia de ku conducta social, que es la hipocresia y lo ha-
bilidad para engaiiar.
Concluimos. en consecuencia. que el sujeto estodiado reane las
mas iinportantcs <le las caractenslicas del liidivuluo <Joc piiedc ser

el relative, a los complices. Nuevamente insist imos en que es!.-.

de vista, sin invadir terrenos que no nos corresponden y en funcio 1
de los datos establecidos en el curso de nuestra exploracion. Para
facilitar la labor, aludiremos a los puntos sisriientes: (a) el di-
nero: (b) las cartas: (c) Pedro: (d) Carmen y (e) Siqueiros.

a) El chnero. — El dinero que gasta procede. segun la fin.il
explicacion del procesado de 5.000.00 dolares que le dio su senora

mas manera de ocultarla que inventar una regocijada anecdota
en la que forzadamente resultd una Carmen campeona de nata-
cidn de Franeia. Con el mismo acto fallido habra que prestar al-
gunos informes que proceden de otras personas; la senorita Age-
!off declaro que en Paris solo una vez el procesado saludo a una
mujer elegante; la misma Silvia posteriormente declaro que en
Mexico esta persona saludo nuevamente a su companero en la
cantina "One-Two-Three". Agregaremos, todavia, otros informes

"Morales e Iturbide. — Senores Hernandez. — El 7 de <h-
ciembre del afio de 1939, el procesado eomprd un automo-
vil Buick, modelo 1937 que pago al contado. Did, ademas,
en parte de pago, un autombvil Ford que dos «> tres me>~«
antes habia comprado ahi mismo y por ci que habia pa-
gado $1,400.00; el precio del Buick era de $4,000.00; du-
rante esa epoca el procesado vivia en el Hotel Guavdiola.
' En una ocasidn, antes de comprar el Buick, se le descom-
puso el Ford, acudio a la Agenda de los sofiores Hcrnrul-
dez, irritado y dijo que era originario del Canada, que via-
jaba en compaftia de su esposa. En otra ocasidn se pre^enfo
en este mismo lugar acompanado de una soflora de m;..? de
50 aiios de edad a quien presento como su madre."
Es oportuno hacer notar. tambien, la conducta del procesado
en Paris, segun los informes de ia senorita Agelori", on ia parte quo
nos interesa hallamos una manera de obrar demasiado sospecliosa
como vamos a demostrarlo. Segun el examinado el ha vivido

en esta historia, nuestro sujeto, con excepcidn do la dama bien

Siqueiros. — El pintor mexicano hace su aparicion, en relacidn
con el procesado, desde el momenta en que nuestro sujeto cae en
otro acto fallido y anota, en la libreta de su companera, ia direc-
cion (Edificio Ermita, en Tacubaya) del senor Siqueiros. oe sabe
que la senora Margarita Rosemare fue al Edificio Ermita y ahi
obtuvo el informe en el sentido de que el senor Mornard no estaba
en ese momenta. Durante nuestra exploracion, el mismo pintor ha
aparecido en labios del sujeto que estudiamos detras del simbo-

embudo) y de "el quince metros" (en el sueno do las regatas). Ya

de mull i= mi r ides v'iden
tno aparece la senorita Agelofl

REVISTA DE CRIMWALISTICA— »

por lo menos a uno de los miembros de la comision que estudia la
reforma del Codigo Penal guatemalteco — el Licenciado Benjamin
Lemus Moran— y se, pertinentemente, que se ha deformado su
opinion al punto de hacerlo aparecer como "partidario de la pena
de muerte para los casos political solamente", opinion que, segiin
todas las apariencias, no ha sustentado en ningun momento. Por
lo demas, si supusieramos que la Comision piensa de ese modo.
habna que aceptar que no hace mas que copiar la "primera ma-
nera" rusa, cuando, si no me equivoco, los rusos suprlmleron ya,
ellos tambidn esta especificacion Esto no ju i i i !

cribe en su Codigo Penal. Y es cierto que los CodigOS no se" for-
mulan para los casos excepcionales. o "poM-cos". sino para los
i" I' 1 > i" n imbres y t ti i nl ; 11 i

rriontes ij s C m1- , P< n 1 s or. [i i > < i, -i i! n< s -I. odos los
dias; no para resolver problemas de estado.

El licenciado Najera Farfan considei'6 en su articuio una aerie
<k i . Mies ill i i i n oi -l< s i in ilosolica
yaban la pena de muerte y, en lo general, su arliculo es .'i de u:
antiabolicionista resuelto. Sostiene que, por lo menos, rtebe ma-
tarse a los criminales que "ostentan un cuadro congenito" que no

• abolicionist is decidid s t'i
nalmente, que se me permita recordar al Licenciado Najera Far-
fan que los delincuentes peores, los que presentan un "cuadro con-
genito" irreductible, y "caracteristicas somaticas y antropologi-
cas" monstruosas, son pieusamente los locos 1 u - pon ih'c-.
a causa de un grave, permanente y profunda trastorno psiquico.
Es verdad que tambien se podria matar a los locos, y esto hizo
Hitler, pero abrigo la esperanza de que los democratns que lo von-
cieron ban descchado sincera y completamcnte, cntre ofras linens
ideologicas, las de la filosofia juridica y moral de ios nazis. Y ya
se ve aqui apuntar otro problema mas escabroso, si cabe, que e!
que tratamos: el de la medida de la responsabilidad criminal en
funcion del estado psiquico de los ineulpados, cuest!6n que hemos
tratado largamente en otros trabajos y de la cual resultaria, de
todos modos, imposible ocuparnos aqui.

30— REVlSTA'Dg CR1M1NALI5T1CA

Sobera de la Flor mato, en Mexico, no hace mucho, a

A tirones y empellones obligo a la muchacha a subir a
a punta de pistola, al ehofer y, tomando o! volante. sc

el cadaver hasta una cama y lo profano. Lnogo si

publico de G
deben revest:

Sobera de la Flor eometid
Flor esta loco. Los tecnicos, lo

mostrado en brillante estudio, el Dr. Alfon
Quiroz es tambien mexicano, pero el sabe mas
ordinarios de Mexico. De todos modos en casu
dificil satisfacer la revindication popular. El
toso crimen de Sobera hace que la gente sic;.i
cabeza. Los jucces se ven agobiados y ensorc
mor, los periodistas hacen core a la petition dt
Nosotros pertsamos — a riesgo de in(

:nsamos — a riesgo ae mcurnr lamDien en ei aesagraac y
de mil cabezas que es el publico — que Quiroz Cuaron /

- • ■ • • • • ■ rtud

;itud r ^

REVI5TA DE CRIM1KAUSTICA— »

conservation, rama directa, primaria del iiistinto vital, identifi-
cando este concepto omnicomprensivo como el impulso universal,
de todo lo que vive a defender, prolongar, extender y diversifies'
la vida; a ia suo esse perseverare (Spinoza). (1)

NO es posible insistir aqui sobre este aspecto del asunto. Cada
cual tiene su opinion (y todas son respetables) y, sobre todo, cada
cual ticnc su pasion, su pasion que es el factor dinamico del psi-
quismo; los afectos, las pasiones, son el psiquismo-fuerza. La afcc-
tividad es componente innato de ia personalidad, y por tanto in-
variable en sus proporciones individuales — como la inteligencia y
la constitucion fisica— ; ella resulta la mayoria de las voces el
factor determinante de las actitudes y la cotiducta, dicho sea esto
sin desconocer la importance de la reflexion intcligente. de ::.
education, la cultura, el ambiente, etc., que conforma-i, en defi-
nitiva, el caracter, modelando, hasta donde es posible, los e'emiV.-
tos hereditarios y constitucionales.

He querido apoyar con esta digresion mi criterio de que este

que una cuestion de pensar, una cuestion de sentir; mas que de up
razonamiento, procede de un querer. Por eso resultan muy a mc-
nudo poco eficaces los argumentos de orden intelectual en la dis-
cusidn. Es que ese sentir, el que se refiere al tema de este trabajo.
se afinca en los mas hondos estratos afectivos, en los instintos, en
la estructura misma de la persona profunda. (2)

que Crista represento un polo d
ituadoa en el polo de la

titiieblas) ; a pesar de ese clamor, digo, cada uno
expresar, intrepidamente, su pensar y su seatir.
La pena de muerte es ioutil, ya que la socie

minalidad, y viceversa. Por otra parte — y , . to lo sal.emos biu.
los que nemos trabajado en las prislones— muchos erirataate.
atrontarian el patibulo sin temblar, con una espocie de jactancja.
En fin, si se quiere que la pena capital sea ejemplar o iniimidaria
ipor que se la ejecuta practicamente a esconriidas en todas partes?

La pena de muerte es repugnante para todos los horr.bres nor-
males (aun para aquellos que defienden su vigencia) ; y mas re-
pugnante son el ambiente y los detalles que rodean su ajecudon,
destinados en cl fondo solamente a hacer sufrir al reo, pues bier,
que se podria evitar la angustia final (administrando soporiforos
o estupefacientes), crueldad prcmeditada osta que viene a darnoii

cente en la pena capital.

f.ii pena de muerte es irrevocable; los danos que puede ocasio-
nar resultan irremediables. Acaso sea fete el mas solido argu-
mento que contra ella se pudiera esgrimir. "Solo se que no so
nada" — deria Socrates—.- Si los hombres de hoy aceptan como
bueno este aforismo, si los que mas saben confiesan tan a menudo
su ignorancia de innumerables cosas, icomo pudieran aconsejar
decisioncs tajantes en cuestidn tan grave como determmar a
cuales de entre sus semejantes debe privarse de la vida?

;Y siempre el tremendo peligro del error judicial! Por la vic-
tirna inocente de nuestra horrible equivocation ;que excusas •'
que reparation podriamos ofrecer nosotros, la sociedad, no ya a!
infeliz ejecutado sin razon, sino a sus familiares, a su viuda, a
huerfanos? En esta coyuntura se muestra la sociedad cobardc 3
irresponsable. Vuelve la espalda y trata de olvidarso de su vef-
gorvzoso error. En ningun Codigo de los que e— "" ' " •"•«

RE VISTA DE CRIMINALISTIC*.— 1 1

de muerte existe, a mi eonocimiento, algun articulo que prescriba:
"En caso de que se ejecutara equivocadamente la pena de muerte
sobre un procesado, sus familiares recibiran tales y tales compen-
saciones y reparaciones. . ." Fue una suerte que Dreyfus no fuera
ejecutado y pudiera ser resonantemente reivindicado, aunque des-
pues de pasar muchos aiios en la Isla del Diablo. Pero en Londres
ahorcaron hace poco a un estrangulador de mujeres quien antes
confeso que habia sido el quien habia estrangulado, entre otras, a
cierta senora y a su hijita, crimen que graeias a su (estimonio (es-
taba bien situado para aportarlo, pues eran vecinos) fue achaeado
al marido de dicha senora. Cuando el verdadero culpable < irueso
el otro pobre hombre habia sido ahorcado ya. Menos mal quo esta
vez no quedaron ni viuda ni huerfanos para rumiar justa amar-
gura y hondo resentimiento contra una sociedad que ios hacia vic-
timas de su inepcia y su crueldad. . . En todo caso, quizes pronto
nadie volvera a acordarse del penoso suceso.

El guatemalteco Efrain Najera Farfan reeordo a Victor Hugo
a proposito de la pena de muerte, pero hubiera sido deseable que
nos trajera el episodio culminante de la lucha de este poeta contra
el patibulo. Al final de este trabajo, yo me permitire rccordarlo.

Tratabnoe del llamado "caso del Correo de Lyon". L'ste Con™
— un omnibus tirado por caballos— servia la correspondeneia entre
Paris y Lyon. El 27 de abril de 1796 sufrio el asalto de bandidos
que saquearon Ios paquetes postales. y asesinaron bestialmente u
cuchilladas y sablazos al cochero y al cartero. Se detuvo a dos
sospechosos pronto abrumados por pruebas irrecusables y, de
modo harto ligero por cierto, a un joven de 29 afios llamado Le-
surques a quien dos testigos (mujeres) oreycron oncoulrar pa-
recido extraordinario con un miembro de la banda de asesinos que
habia sido vista merodeando por los alrededorcs del Iralro dvl
crimen. A pesar de sus protcstns, Lcsurques fuc cemienndo .i
muerte y ejecutado junto con los otros dos el 30 de oclubre del
mismo afio. En una carta testamento decia a su mujer, entre
otras cosas: "Cuando leas esta carta, un hierro cruel hobra cor-
■tado ya la vida que te habia consagrado. . . Voy a morir con va-
lor. . . Espero que sabras imitar mi ejemplo. Te debes a tus hijos
y a mi memoria. Distribuye mis cabellos, que te envio, entre

^oviets Reported] 1
^auding Trotsky!

|t R073KV PLE4_BE£SSEd!

Ex-Aide to Red Leadtr Ajk S

Director, FBI (65-29162)

Reference Unlet January 12, 1956.

On 3-21-56 'The Washington Post and Times
Herald,* Washington, D. C, newspaper, carried an
Associated Press dispatch dated 3-20-56 from Mexico
City. This dispatch stated that Felipe Alvahuante,
formerly Leon Trotsky's secretary, said that Russia,,
diplomats in Mexico City are now inviting Trotsky
admirers to attend the November 7 -lied Revolution » |

Ceremonies with the word that homage will be paid *.- ■■• '

the memory of Leon Trotsky who was assassinated in

mo.

'The New York Times" of Lurch 2Z, 1956,
carried an article dating that Joseph Hansen, a Sorrier
secretary of Leon Trotsky, said nothing was known a~.op.g_
Trotsky's one-time aides and associates of any invi cciior.
to go to Moscow to participate in rehabilitation ccrsmonis-;
as wa3 reported March 2$, 1956, from Kexico City.

Due to the apparent about face in Russian
policy indicated in the Associated Rres3 dispatch,
mentioned above, the veracity of which is urMr.own, a-.d
the recent statement by Walter Winahell that Trots,;-
murderer had been ordered released from jail by the
Mexican Federal courts, you should alert your sources and
maintain close contact with CIA concerning a;iy char.'? in
yibject's attitude as to furnishinc infora.it ! tc as ic the j
^yZ^TZ'** concerning his part ana of others in one

-IZZiliJ ft"* suited in his murdering Trotsky and

concerning tnose indiv,<*^ Ja aho conap i rei i thereafter .towards

nis escape from prison. < <^ /

he - 1 - Paris (Info) "-' '•' ■ ''

(co - 1 - Madrid (Info)

~% :frSa»/Wi £ through ferrcviewj

ErgAPi

c

0

Letter to Mexico City

NOTE} Mercader murdered Leon Trotsky in Mexico, Aujust Z.L,
1940. Investigation has indicated taat he did so at the
direction of Soviet intelligence and that Soviet ir.ielli .; --r.se
sought after his arrest to effect hie release from jail bat
was unsuccessful dn their attempt. His mother', Caridad Le reader ,
was last known to reside in Paris, France. Walter Y'inchell
in his broadcast of Margh 11, 1956, stated thai Mercader ws
to be released from jail in Mexico. Although CIA ha.s primary
repponsibiltty concerning any action to be taken concerning
Mercader, it is felt the Bureau should be a-jxire and in a posit:-",
to take whatever action it deems fit depending on the conditio* :
that prevail at the tine of Mercader 'a relvass fro . *

2 -

V

b

Director (orig. and l)

Central Intelligence Agenoy ,
£430 S Street, W. W. ■<
Washington, S. C. ' ,

Attention* Deputy Director, Plans

Subject t

been denica. The mtxieM Sarole Board repvrtedl^ K*o
Strongly reeoteaended ag^inat parti* beovva* -a ,'eoe,ii
examination of Mercader refleotu no cl^.mjs In hi* aLti*.i:i*
or opinion since he starter** Trotsky* tsts eenuncs mill
Uminsie in i$6c. ^ J

In view of the delUate nature of the inforcsonto
in thta miter, it is requested itet tf-.is infsr-ntton
handled en a nc«.?-to-3tncj b>%sia.

In vteu of pant activates <v certify ln.it . ' ..
in the Vntted Sttatea attempting secure the reuvot; s„-
iMro-nSer from prtson, it mill be appreciated if vou via tor
this BUTOMt apprised of any infornatton j,aa reset (r. thta
ratter.

CCt 1 - .-.r. vermis A. .fltnn (via liaison)
Jireopor

Off tee of Security

separteeni of Jtzte '

515 ■» 2£ni Street, 8. J. 1 •

x'iU)hirv>tort0 .% C,

Thia letter olasaifiec
been fu/rntahed i>y^m

delicate informants*

ier memo Be lmont to Boar -daan, 3/16/50, caption*
*VfiZt£>/ esib)

1 - AA3 William F. Tompkins (by r/s 0-6 this iate)

c

The >!exico City s Jn<!l3sh
neu3paper "The tle.rs" on May 18, 19 3 6
artiolo entitled "U. OH EMI ST : ;OPr
SOVIET SPY." This article was. upsed
Press dispatch datelined v-Zsahiri ton,
reflected that 1I1CMAS Li^BLAGK, N^v.'j
chemist, who allegedly r spruit e 5 fcAh
spying, testified bsfora a puhl:'c b:
Internal Security Subcommittee <ind
to his own career of ejpionase for .;
things he is sail to •n ve to id of Ik
Conraunist fssit;r^"nt to pnrticir-t r

liaison or the

c

0

, FBI (65-29162)

^^^^^^Beurlet 5-28-50. The report of SA ■^■■i

WKKKm-t mide 7-26-50 at Philadelphia entitled, "fnomas L. i

.Black, was., Espionage - B, " reflects Black's complete story 'jrl

of his espionage activities, ^ejerrmg to your inquiry- m .1
■referenced letter as to Black's part in vhe assassination of

Trotsky in 1940, the following information from the above ,*.\

report is being set out in briefs

Black, in telling hie- stor.i. ..luicj : :h-.:t ,r. J1..1 - | ,
Schwartz (subsequently identified as >, -.jort ...ti.wj.i.:^ ■ -. ' < i
Soviet agent, told him in 193d that tin Huaj Inns had a., ii-^orvant '
assignment for him. It was planned twit ne snoul* r zr.e

household of Leon Trotsky in Ooyoacan, Mexico, ana become 1

acquainted with Trotsky's activities there and the p.-onle „itn --• ■ ■

whoa Trotsky was associated, black mo told he aoul: .us oe 1 ■ f
alone, although at first he would have no owujt wit.t fes.lc^

agents. No information uus furnished to Bluox otnsr s.un ..- • <

'«•• he should go there to secure information as jo frozsku, -.is /..:.«...?- j

. hold, and associates, mack aajissi no uiu noi want to go •:; 1

A Mexico City so he made no effort to become xacectable £5 t,.i i

Trotsky ttes as he would have haa'to in order co go to Coyoacan. j

Black advised that after Trotsky had been assassinated at -~ \

V-V;.. Ooyoacan he realized that the grooming of hiuself j or travel - >

and residence in Trotsky 's househola at Ooyoacan meant -;ha; he — — :
had probably been picked to be a pari of zms ploo.

m

Black's testimony before ti
■fy. ■ Subcommittee on 5-17-56 does not sl,
jj" facts concerning this r/atter. .

HHW:sm ,,; Black has il^xusXt i

-■ (5) y

cc - 1 - Foreign Liaison Unit (.coute
NOTE: Jaime Ramon .'sercader is tt.
is presently in jail in Lexico. Out
- tview of .Black's ----- ^

/

■m a-

0

3*

yf% subjcc

Director, FBI (55-29162)'

Rebulot 3/27A'b s

With reference to the item set :
. concerning an Associated Press dispatch dat-.
Mexico City and reported on 3/21/56

?th ir. robiile
3/20/,'., f?-

' .!,.lr,.

a former

by^BMHR^an official of xc

Mexico City. ^HHBI stated that a rev's:: of Icoal :■.£..

City newsDamtrs by him during the xor.th of Xarc*, 1956,
• reflected' that Mrs. LSOH TROTSKY had stror.-r.ly denied that
. Lie. FELIPE ALVAHUAXTE was ever a secretary of her Isto

husband, L20N TROTSKY.

It is noted that the t.oxiso C: :;.: drily v.-c?*.-
"Ultimas Wotlciaa" of June 17, 19 ; :7, carr'. a- !'-..> ■: :
that a known "Cownunl3t" had obtained a jo';. Ti:e rrsi-sl?
. referred to the fiscal officer emrlcyed. ir. tV< i:ir.istry c
Communications and Public iv'orks whose nans was Tro:'essor ?'.
ftLVAilUAw'fB. The article said that ALVAEUAKTi was net a la-,
as he called himself but was a well-lcr.owr. .'rotsicyito. T c
article questioned why the Ministry of Cor.-ur.ics zic.z "r.
Work3 had e- nloyed such a ocrson, ssoec Icily ' i;.c , '-.o h.
record with the "etrotiolitan Police of V;t Fouorol L.isr.r-c
having participated 3ono years a<rs in a -.Cot : -.'•:'■ telle
the central square in "e::ico City '
meeting.

Enclosures ■ ( 33-

JT a:plb/r 3 b^^;;.

ii»astp <

c

0

time. Mrs. 2KOT3K5T told SHAHAHAK that sV
mail various offers to havo H2KCAD.ia kill
disregarded such offers.

t 'r 'l According to SHANAHAN, Mrs. 1

MEftCASgg is allegedly married to a Kexios
' ROQUELlS^ffitnOZA. Mrs. TAGTSICY believes
introduced to ' MtHCADSa by Dr. .ESTK-^CaV
investigation of this c;Tir.o. A3 fie "11:
CKAPA for many years :vi.s coraeoto-J \-iMi i
system.

Kr . SHAFAHAII stated that the
• records reflect that ROCjUELIA ME1TD0ZA haj
every Thursday and Sunday for the r>ast so
said to work in the Oficirvi de Vias Fublf
R000.3) for tho "ovornr.fnt of the Cit; ol
said TX^UELIA M'tfTTjOT'-A is about fori" y.isc

Mrs. TR0T3Hr told SHAJ" UKl'v
telegrams . to the XX Congress of the Cor.
Soviet Union which was held in Moscow 3
telegram asked for data on her sor,, whe
The secord telec-ram reauestod the Comra
LE01T TliOTSICY's record for the purpose c

mtry 3hop of t
5 parole v;as d;

"The Hews" on 3/30/5° publi
JACqtfSS. ilOKNARD , which is one of the a3
subject is known, was placed under spec
Lecumberri penitentiary because of an e

c

0

life. Ths article said that orison officials r
KCRNA.ID's claim a- a "farce" to bolster '-1': re-
parole. :iC..::,U5D clai'-.-jd that tv.» rcor, ■ ^■.-ori
lonely oi'ison coi-riOcr, ;-.nt that fci -V" '.I :.•
did not identify tho assailants. Mr. oi MM
the story of this assault wag not true.

An article dated 5/16/56 which appe
News"" reflected that Mexican Irani -ration a ;..hor
declared that if the subject was rolea.icd fro-.n
they would arrost him. at tho prls n -atec V v-.:v.:

aut-tcrltl-t.t oi..-'t :;v... ]:.-.>.. :Mc .'cM
the nar.o of one PR/.:TK JACMJOH, a Canadian •..••io .;
the Spanish Civil War. The article noirfto.-; out
Mexican Immigration laws a nerson is" entitled t
(immigrant) 3tatua if he proves he has lived in
at least ten year 3, despite the fact ho r:«y not
the country leTally. Tlowevor, in MCRMMT.'-s cat >
be cor-.mited toward •■' -or

rhere are be in; enclosed !:<•»"••'.';
a letter addressed to ths American Ambassador
written by CHAhi.kSS^^yV c/o Broadwar Hotel, :
McKAY states that toe' was acquainted with tho 3:
knew as A' J PM : ;'.n K. -XttlH.-.U -r., JH. :'cKAY «•*«.« .:
to the subject 'in care of the Mexican ".'r-uirsl •
Mexico City. He also 3tates he wrote to . C.
Attorney in Haiti -.-ire, f'aryland, who - . ;

the FBI. ::o indicated h? would bj pi •:. -,.-". to .
tion re'-.ardin- the .•• ih.'-ct. In v' ow ci t.Mis f-
copy of this communication has been ureoared £■.
City Office with the request that the ?unsi c:
interviewed by a-ents of that office.

tal copies of this co :)i,.i :i

c

0

V Envelope transmit tin,"; attached letter bo: :o foil r.'ir.g:

Charles McKay
■ Broadway Hotel
Leoti, Kansas

Addressed tc:

United States /iitassy
Kexico City D. r.
Mexico

?.:zHSi\;:iED
Return Receipt

(^OC?39)

c

Honorable Ambassador
United States embassy
Mexico City P. P.
Mexico, Hen.

i American citizen and whom I on
with Tor a number of yearn; in the 1930 t
from him from Yucatan in 1?37. I have -..
to him in care of bhe Mexican "sdor&l '

\

:iexicc

I am.p'ocsifcivo V.r. Don:
Jacques Mornard Van dsn Jrcsdsch nr
slaying of one Leon Trojky some y?t
fact I have written to him but have
acqi'.antanco is an odd one as 1 ::a;
Oakland California.

I ha v.- ,Titi%i to C. ",

type of person. endowed with with a r?.;
and is a past master cf deceptive myta ci
attempted to keep tho ot'v:r per sen mystai
evasive rhotoric. He was one who -.ma a",
of Psychology, P.illosonliy °nd Theoocnh.'
many lanr;uar-es tho list ho was s tudyir.

In ovuov .o -rotjet • .< :el '.
of Win, frcn othei*?; who •. ..;ld '03 Jr>tci*
written him in cur ■• . s?c.:j t:ay, to
op certain other - ..-.hj -.ot-!.

I wor.l • he plcs.iod to c.^ :
wardttv '.Ms ■ 1 .v-. ! i! onr.rd Vap dev.
is Albert P.. -Oomlr-ues, Jr. 7crmrrly c
Francisco, Hanford ". Vurlcch CaLVorn*.'

come? Ds&i-waui.

knclo3 t j'.;b

c

6

Letter to Kansas City:

NOTE:

reference Jt iter j-rom Mrnat
of a letter by the u. J. Ambassador,
Charles Uchay , who indicated he Knew
name Dominguez and vould oe glad to -
regarding the subject. In view of
of thTs letter by the 0. -j. Ambassa;!
there it is felt tfu.it ; -.cKav should b
reasons for a nonintcruieu cstablz-h:
of . the results 20 r/ws ij -esire-i i.e

considering a cas?i or:/ er i or* 'the sub)
offer of an asylum in connection ,<:if,
political and psucnolojicul warfare

c

July 10, 1956

Director, FBI (f>5-29162)

jAn-!F a.«;o:f I'.-^caokr, :us

ESPIONAGE - R .
Renylet 6/18/56.

For the Bureau's information, ;
"Fxcelsior" of 7/9/56 published an Assoc)
from New York dated 7/3/56 filed by TOM '
pondent. The story wns entitled "Mrs.
'The Soviet Leaders Are ^nrieshed ' n The it
Vi iow . "

The article sfc;.Sed thbt tha ui
stated it wp.s improbable that ch>: pr--- r i
would last much longer. It raid that thi
commentary made by lira. TROTSKY rogardli;..

to discredit the
In an interview ( -iv
Kexico City, which
could be transmits
transmitter knowr. &

Mrs. TRCTf

enemy of f

ias translated into :
i to the Soviet b'n'ci"
-. •'Hallo Lib <::■ of.

\ the r

; of t

; prer

to detach themselves fron the powerful .
hate ac.air.st the robbers of the prolet
srdded chat t!ie present rroup which gov
itself to be a loyal successor to that
said that the on3y difference between
present group and chat of ntfitZV Is C;
P.TALI'I and D'T.IA— are in reality .-vlit
they I-.kvo beer, nocinrd. .'vs. TWT.?

JTG:plb . .

|ND£XED-55

c

0

Re: J Aim RAMON K^RCADER, VMS
Buttle 65-29162
KC 65-i;08

and Ms cor:penions as "nonentifcl " who b:.ck > 1 ; " :.\ -.11
the collective assassinations whloM ho oot'-icied. "12 ; :
that the present Russian chiefs do not trust »v.a>. oih»:*, ::ut
are only interested in maintaining themselves in newer. Shs
accused KRUSHSCHEV of annihilating the Stalinist rulers :.- tl
Ukraine. She also said It was Marshal KL=S-. T FOT?I VOROSHILOV
who signed the death sentence against Marshal 'T.!i3!<:C;i'''V.*.>.Y «
other commanders of the Red Amy, "know 1.-/ fvll '. ^11 iK-\t
everything was a lie and :. consp 1 -aoy . '

rhis cas« is toing RUC • d at ti-:.r z'.r r j ; -..
being reopened as soon as we ascertain thrc u.-fc <>•.:■ li&L«.o:\
with CIA and our other sources that Information of irtc: .sat
has developed concerning the rel ease end. :'.t i v 1 tl e s cf "h 5
subject herein.

?

c

0

£V* Date: July 12, 1956 -

V '" To: Director, FBI (65-29162)

,. \ Subject: JAI>K -.?A«CW :~KRCADKR, wns.

, ^ aSPIOT-'AGE - R

X

Tho Vrslt.-»d ftntos ?.-.ln;
av»5.1<-V>l« mother lector it reoe:' ■<■
of Lcoti, Kansas rnd v;'.;ich i 3 sir fcyi

c

0

A. E. Donovan II
American Embassy
Mexico, D. P.

Your letter received re Domlnguez ^Monard.
Last letter sent to him returned In" refusal In Els hand-
writing, re "El Destinario y refusado a reclberla." 7,
This letter was mailed to Penetentario Mejlco Cd. D. F.
Comparison of handwriting on envelope matches handwritting
on letter I have at my presence dated 1932. ~~

I presume your delay In asking for Information
verifies the occupation of Mr. Domlnguez - Monard prior to
my making hla acquaintance In 1930.

I am asking if it is possible for you to i
mail could be delivered to him through your office c
office could furnish me the name and address cf his
in Mejlco Cuidad D. P.

; the refusal of my letter

It is necessary for me to have contact wH
order to assimulate some facts that are essential tc

- , Please advise me further as I believe Mr. D. Konai

has witheld much that could be of value to the security oT c
United 'States.

— c 0

Office Me %tim ' UNxTE GOVERNMENT

FBI (05-29162)

''tlflf SAC ' KanSaS Clty ( 65_1501 )

Reference Bureau letter to Kansas City dated e/2S/5 : 3,
wherein the Kansas City Office was instructed to make inquiry t
determine whether or not CHARLES McKAY, residing at the Broad*!
Hotel- in Leoti, Kansas, should be interviewed. The Bureau
pointed out that it was possible that McKAY was a mental case

viewed, but a report should be prepared suitable for di«>; mjr •.

Inquiry has been conducted by the Kansas City c
ling CHARLES McKAY and this inquiry indicates that
is mentally unstable, and it is believed by the rta.vsas Jv
that it would be unproductive to interview Him ..or.cerr, v- .
subject of this case.

It is presumed by the Kansas City Cfiicr thi.e .
report which will be prepared concerning McKAY v/ill have
same title as referenced communication. ztft Curcr.u :' s rj:
however, to furnish the Kansas City -Office with the Cffi.v
Origin.

By referenced Bureau letter to Kansas City, t.
furnished this office with a copy of a letter written by
McKAY to the U.S. Embassy, Mexico City. The date of thv:.
was April 23, 1956. Kansas City was also furnished the ex-
tents of a letter which McKAY had written to ::0'07. :
DOUB, U.S. Attorney, District of Maryland, ly . a ting
dated July 31, 1956, the Bureau furnished Kansas City wit!
copy of a letter written by CHARLES McKAY to 2. Donovai
American Embassy, Mexico, O.F. This letter was dated J'i:

I The Bureau is requested to advi <,e if the Kansas

I Office should include the contents of these three letters
1 report which is now being prepared, and also shouli the

desire these letters to be included in the report, should

sources of these letters be concealed?

KI-niSTEDi'D MUI,

RGB: lib j, /—

w-1501 BEMfiwe-.
'ct tir Jkkr..^ ,>i:c 4 h Z , .. r „ r . >

FEDERAL B UREA I i

"KANSAS CITY BUREAU

JAIME RAMON MERCADER, Was

J t

CHARLES MC KAY, Broadway Hotel, Lcoti,
letter to the U. :>. Ambassador, Mexico
1956, requesting tl-e limb assy to rum i si
purpose of correspondence, a curr-.nt a<
ALBIiRT R. DOMINGUEZ, JR., whom MC KAY
/ person who assassinated LliON TROTSKY.
' MC KAY , DOMINGUEZ is an American citiz.

name JACQUES MONARD VAN den DRESDSC!' .
/%■*■ with U. S. Embassy, Mexico City, on 6/
>.'"< letter received from th- U. 3. Ambas .ai

' i by MC KAY be delivered

*GWCY Jt^t y. d,A->

c

0

KC 65-1501

DETAILS :

The Bureau advised on June 28, 1956, that the

"Honorable Ambassador
United States Embassy
Mexico City D. F.
Mexico, Rep.

"Dear Hon. Ambassador

"I am asking if you could furnish the address
or place of incarceration of one Albert R.
Dominguez, Jr., a man I presume to he an .;meric;.n
citizen and whom I presume I was acquainted with
for a number of years in the- 1930 to 1937 era. 1
last heard from him from Yucatan in 1937. 1
have written a number of letters to him in care
or the Mexican Federal Tolice Mexico City D. F.
Mexico.

Trosky some years ajjo. To establish this fact
I. have written to bin but have received no
., answer. Our acou anta nce is an odd one as 1

was employed with his concern in Oakland California.

"I have written to G. C. Doub, !!. S. Dist.
Attorney Baltimore Md . and he has referred m>v
letter to the I-.B.l.

"Mr. Dominguez is an odd and exceptionally
individualist type of person. Endowed with with

"April 23, 1956

2

c

o

■»'•■ KC 65-1501

a rare type of reverse humor and is a past
master of deceptive mvta cism. Ke always was
one who attempted to keep the other person
mystafied and used abrupt and evasive rhetoric.
He was one who was always alert in the subject
of Psychology ^ Philosophy and Theosophy and v/as
well versed in many languages the last he was
■studying was Sanscrit.

"In order to protect myself, from the
knowledge 1 know of him, from others who would
be interested to know it, 1 have written hir.
in our humorous way, to divulge all the facts
he knows on certain other subjects.

"I would be pleased if you would be able
to furnish his address.

"I would be pleased to enlighten you on
any subject regard ins this Jacques I'onaru Van
den Dresdsch as 1 am positive he is Albert R.
Dominguez. Jr. Formerly of Fresno, Oakland,
San Francisco, IJanford & Turloch California.

"Sincerely

"/s/Charles McKay
c/o Bd\yy -'utel

smittins attached let'T bore

VIA Am MAIL

Addressed to:

"Ambassador of the United States
United States Embassy
Mexico City U. F.
Mexico

(408939)
"REGISTERED
No. 234

Return Receipt Requested"

Return address:

"Charles McKay
Broadway Hotel
Leoti, Kansas

c

o

KC 65-1501

On July 31, 1956, the Bun
following letter had been directed i
A. E. DONOVAN II, American Embassy,
CHARLES KC KAY, Leoti, Kansas:

"A. E. Donovan II
American Embassy
Mexico, D. F.

"Dear Sir:

"Your letter received re Dominguez -
Monard. Last letter sent to him returned in
refusal in his handwriting, rc 'El Destinario
y refusado a reciberla.' This letter was
mailed to Penetentario Hcjico Cd. D. F. Com-
parison of handwriting on envelope watches
handwritting on letter I have at mv presence
dated 1932.

"I presume your delay in asking for
information verifies the occupation of fir.

•ior to my making his

is a citiz

"I am asking if it is poss:
to see that mail could be dcliv<
through your office or if your i
furnish me the name and address
in Mejico Cuidad D. F.

"It is apparent the

"It is necessary for me to have contact
with him in order to assimilate some facts tha<
are essential to my well being.

c

0

KC 65-1501

She said that at times MC KAY talks very
rational but has stated that he is interested in
Buddahism and occasionally talks about Communism
and when he gets on these subjects he becomes excited
and confused and she is unable to understand what he
is saying. She said that MC KAY appears to her to be
mentally unbalanced.

■^^^^^jh^niy 17, 1956 , VHH^HHHHHi

■^^^■B, stated that he has talked to CHAilL^J
lit KaY on a number of occasions. He said that when
MC KAY first contacted him he was very nervous and
distraught and was unable to rcaembor all the i'acts
about his past life and asked him if he would write
to Senator KNOtYLAND of California to obtain certain
facts about his life for him. He said that on this
first contact MC KAY told him that he had suffered fr-
amnesia in the past and that Senator KN'OV.'L.V-'O of
California had known his father for a number of vears
and was a very close friend of the family.

lie said that MC KAY claimed that in the
early 1930's he was residing at Oakland or San Franc i.
California, and was abducted by some Communists who
- used drugs on him. He said MC KAY said that he was
immediately released by these individuals and that
MC KAY believes that all persons associated with him
for the next few years were Communists who were
watching him. He said MC KAY told him that during
this period of time he worked with a nan in :r an'toix
body shop who he thinks is the nan who killcu '^uN
TROTSKY.

He said that MC KAY also told him that he
\rad numerous social meetings with these persons in
California and became interested in Buddahism and
that he, MC EAY, became a leader in a sroup that
wanted the services held in English.

lie said that MC KAY told him chat marrir
a Japanese National just prior to the outbreak of
World War II and that at the outbreak of the war, he
and his wife were arrested and apparently MC KAY was

6

c

0

KC 65-1501

shortly released but his wife was held in a prison
camp in Colorado and MC KAY followed her to Colorado.
He said that MC KaY informed him that ho had worked
for the United States lost Office Department at
Oakland or San Francisco, California, and also worked
for them at two locations in Colorado, one being
at Longmont, Colorado.

He said that MC KAY told him that his wife
deserted him in Colorado and took their child with
her. MC KAY started fo<- California by bus in an
attempt to locate his wife and enroute lie suffered
from amnesia and thereafter, came to a farm in Kansas
to recuperate from this attack of amnesia.

He said that in talking to KC KAY, he, MC KAY
told him that he believes that he is the illegitimate
son of WILLIAM RANDOLPH HEARST and that vMie ho was
in California he became acquainted with a man, name
unrecallcd by REWERTS , who later be cat;:: a servant in
the United States Army and was tried for treason after
World War II. .

He said that he believes that MC KAY reads
extensively and thereafter attempts to connect prominent
people about whom he has read with his life.

He said that MC KAY told him that he believed
that he went to school with General IC :; who was
captured during the Korean War and that h-j ha<: recent .y
made a telephone call to General D::a,\ ,i;o advised
him that he was sure MC KAY was not acquainted with
him but might know the other General in the Army.

He said that he does not know what contact,.
MC KAY may have had in California in the past but
that he is sure that some of the stories he lias told
him about people he has known and associated with are
false because some of his stories are too fantastic
and he feels sure he is not the type of person who
would be acquainted with so many important persons.

KC 65-1501

„„, . . lie said that MC KAY is very mild manner,
and he does not consider him to be an a<"*ressi v» (
dangerous individual. (

0

0

KC 65-1501

ADMINISTRATTVK

Due to the determination of the ner.tal
instability of CHARLKS PIC KAY it is considered
advisable that he should not be interviewed.

REFERKKCF

Bureau letter to_Kansa.s ^itv 6/28/56

pin ffiWPW^wnra*'

Bureau letter to Kansas City, 8. 13/56

c y

TO : W. A. Branigan'"-

FRO}': H. H . Wa t/./t - E j'i

'if-R

Captioned case has been reviewed and careful
consideration given to the advisabil ity of
any re-interviews, interviews or other'
action which may now appear warranted. In
the event such now anpears desirable,
necessary action is being initiated.

Bureau file.. / % f / ; U

/

c

0

, FBI (6S-29X62)

Fmbassy in KexJ.i
from CHART ""1'iC w, i .,j
addressed to the Amer:
of this communication
of the Bureau and the

• the Sroadwcy '-ote]
.err. Embassador in :
3re beins forwnrc.e
Kansas City offio-.

advised that hp
tUate responding to the ? i'orrmcnti en?
other action thereon.

Enclosures 2

JTG:pak

(5)

(1<-Bu; i -MC)

60 DEC 5 1956

ftECOROED ■ 51
tHPEjiED-51

0

I

/ SS££-€/ y/ffn **

N^y «. ^<^z!5^'Si-4' / ^ •■ 7 ■

una k vj

: W>a /<H , rs //

d /esj <z**jJ> if/A* £,>^ y . '

V -> c 0 + y / / ^yy/y/'/f .v-vr^v- p i ' ' '

O J

Bt<0/\D\V/\y HOTCL
MS "eShyi "yU^J til/

iic fr^!m^^^^

1

■0

— ^ • •:.,;-r-

./r

fitter/ > cc//g^'-

1

o

0

I

4'

HI'-" :0

C HELP
DEFEND

H;HHH

b

V-52S

CHANGED TO

■ on T^1357

0

-730^ L.l

63 AUG 1^7 ^'

CHANGED TO

TO; A. »ranigarpfr^L.

Ram j/v ,*\£ft^AP£ ts ,

Captioned case has been reviewed and
consideration given to the aduisabili
any reinterviews, intervieu;3 or other
action which nay now appear warranted
the event such no\s appears des irable ,
necessary action is being initiated.

Bureau filet 4 \T -

cr

DXH3CT0R, FEI (.1-0-332;:: ;
SAC, .NSW YORK (IOO-8689O)

On 7/25/5'- , AU3A II.ZRBSF.T C. i' ANTOR, SDI'Y, r.iJe
available so tlie NYO, Photo3tat copies of vfce. following
docuKcnts which pertain to the Trc-,aio Archives t.t narvai
University.

1. Agreement n»da 10, 19''0 at C:.f.bri<»"e, 'V '
between L20K TROTSKY r.nd t.'ie Pre3l-:sn« .-a 1 *.-;. : .: t ;!.:
College.

2. Agreement aw.de April, Vjk . Ci.-.b.-it;;'-, -A. -a
between NATALIA SEDOVA THCTSiiY (>'. r. T!;a\l-.Y) sr£ ' F:t
and Fellows of Harvard College,

3. .'-otter d . tec IV November, 1-3 j_ •, 02. r< le -i:
of Harvard College -J.br: i", Cambildge, M . : .1 .•;
addre-.sed to Mrs. I* AT ILIA :!*0GVA TF.DT3K'. . <v'r> •!»••, .;. ■;.
32-30 86th St., j,-... :c . ;::i.' ! :ca, ;:y. • r."~
M2TCALF , for the Prer-idor.t and .<?o.V c:r. - : ' : / : :-.

4. Agreement aade Jjaaxzrj 1?, 1. :.' • v Cir.'.rloV.
between Mrs. TROTSKY ar,d t:;» President .v.v* ?oi;ovr: o.r *:-.■>
College.

1-Mew \or. : . ill

'SnrlD.if) (}

(il 'iTi'CY " r

;-jb d ) (moc ■ 1

0

TO:

W. A. Branigan,

Date

FROUi

E. My

Captioned case has been reviewed and careful consideration
given to the advisability of any reinterviews, interviews
or other action which may now appear warranted. In the
event such now appears desirable, necessary action is being
initiated.

Bureau filet fa ~^~f/C 2—

7« Section

TEe Leon Trotsky Case

JJCHOES 'of still another sensational serving a Mexican prison

cloak-and-dagger case got only scant surprisingly, he has been e-.
headlines over the week end. . . Red agents to safe haven

46 MAY ' ,n

1950